Causes Of The Armenian Genocide - Free Essay Example

On April 24, 1915, Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported between 235 and 270 Armenian community leader and scholars from Constantinople, the majority of whom were eventually killed. The genocide was carried out throughout World War I in two phases the killing of the able-bodied men through massacre and forced labor, and then the deportation of women, children, the elderly, and the ill, on death marches to the Syrian Desert. Driven forward by military ?escorts, the ?deportees were deprived of food and water, and victim to robbery, rape, and massacre. In 1943, Raphael Lemkin was moved specifically by the annihilation of Armenians to define the organized manner in which the killings were carried out, coining the word genocide as systematic and premeditated exterminations within legal parameters. Thus, the Armenian Genocide is widely acknowledged to have been the first modern genocide; while Turkey denies that genocide is an accurate term, as of 2018, 29 countries have officially recognized the mass killings as genocide, as have most genocide scholars and historians. The deportation and murder of hundreds of thousands of Armenians was a reaction to the toals of World War I and not of a long-held plan to eliminate Armenians as an ethnic cleansing. The roots of this genocide, however, are grounded in Turkish Muslims resentment of Armenian Christians political and economic success, going against traditional Ottoman social hierarchies that held Muslims superior to non-Muslims†and a growing sense by young Turk leaders and Muslims t hat Armenians were ?others and a dangerous element to society. On July 24, 1908, Armenians movement for equality in the Ottoman Empire strengthened when a coup detat staged by officers of the Ottoman Third Army removed Abdul Hamid II from power, and restored the country to a constitutional monarchy. The officers were part of the Young Turk movement, who wanted to reform the administration of the Ottoman Empire to meet European standards. The movement was an anti-Hamidian coalition made up of two distinct groups, the liberal constitutionalists and the nationalists, the former more democratic and accepting of Armenians, the latter mostly intolerant of Armenians and their frequent requests for European assistance. In 1902 however, during a congress of the Young Turks held in Paris, the heads of the liberal wing, Sabahaddin and Ahmed Riza Bey, somewhat convinced the nationalists to include ensuring some rights for all the minorities of the empire, including Armenians, as part of their new agenda. One factions within the Young Turk movement was a secret revolutionary organization, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). It drew its membership from disaffected army officers based in Salonika, and was behind a wave of mutinies against the central government. In 1908, elements of the Third Army and the Second Army Corps declared their opposition to the Sultan and threatened to march on the capital to depose him. Threatened by the wave of resentment, he stepped down from power. The ultimate goal of the CUP was to restore the Ottoman Empire to its former glory, reclaiming its title as one of the worlds great powers. Once the party gained control and consolidated its power in the 1912 Election of Clubs and the 1913 Raid on the Sublime Porte, the party grew increasingly more splintered and volatile. Following attacks on the empires Turkish citizens during the Balkan Wars of 1912â€Å"1913, the three leaders, Enver Pasha, Talaat Pasha and Jemal Pasha, fortified their position as t he new leadership, together recognized as the Three Pashas and took over rule of the Ottoman Empire and the CUP party, known as The Young Turks. In 1912, the First Balkan War broke out, ending in the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the loss the majority of its European territory. Many in the empire saw their defeat as Allahs divine punishment for a society that did not know how to pull itself together. Soon, the Turkish nationalist movement viewed Anatolia as their last refuge, where the Armenian population were a minority. A subsequent repercussion was the mass expulsion of Muslims from the Balkans, and the following large scale immigration, where more than half a million refugees settled in areas where Armenians resided. They soon resented the status of their relatively well-off neighbors, a disdain that would influence the murder and expulsion of Armenians, and the confiscation of their properties, during the genocide. As a preface, Turkey has steadily refused to recognize that the events of 1915â€Å"16 constitute a genocide. The Turkish government has admitted that deportations took place, but they maintain that the Armenians were a rebellious faction that had to be pacified during a national security crisis; while they acknowledge that some killing took place, they contend that it was not initiated or directed by the government, and there were ?deaths on both sides. Major countries†including the United States, Israel, and Great Britain†have also declined to acknowledge the events as a genocide, in order to avoid damaging their relations with Turkey. In 2014, government officials in Turkey offered condolences to the Armenian victims, but Armenians remain committed to having the mass killings of their ancestors during World War I recognized as a genocide. The Ottoman Empire opened the Middle Eastern theater of World War I on the side of the Central Powers on November 2, 1914, and the following battles of the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign and the Gallipoli Campaign directly affected populated Armenian communities. Before entering the war, the Ottoman government had sent representatives to the Armenian congress at Erzurum to convince Ottoman Armenians to facilitate the conquest of Transcaucasia by inciting an insurrection of Russian Armenians against the Russian army if a Caucasus theater is opened. On December 24, 1914, this is put into action when the Minister of War Enver Pasha implemented a plan to surround and overpower the Russian Caucasus Army to repossess territory lost to Russia in the Russo-Turkish War. But when Pashas forces were routed in the battle, and almost completely annihilated, Pasha publicly blamed the defeat on Armenians in the region having actively sided with the Russians. As a result, on November 14, 19 14, in Constantinople, capital of the Ottoman Empire, the religious leader Sheikh-ul-Islam declared an Islamic holy war on behalf of the Ottoman government, urging his Muslim followers to take up arms against Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro in World War I;   this was later used as a factor to provoke radical masses in the implementation of the Armenian Genocide. On February 25, 1915, the Ottoman General Staff released the War Minister Enver Pashas Directive 8682 on Increased security and precautions to all military units calling for the removal of all ethnic Armenians serving in the Ottoman forces from their posts and for their demobilization; the directive accused the Armenian Patriarchate of releasing State secrets to the Russians. Enver Pasha explained this decision as out of fear that they would collaborate with the Russians. Before February, some of the Armenian recruits were utilized as labourers before being executed. Transferring Armenian conscripts from active combat to passive, unarmed logistic sections was an important precursor to the subsequent genocide. The execution of the Armenians in these battalions was part of a premeditated strategy of the CUP. Those who werent murdered were deported. But the government called it a necessary deportation, claiming that many Armenian radicals were threatening to side with Russia. Turkey say s that there was never a deliberate, ethnically-driven effort to exterminate the Armenian population; it was a wartime precaution, like the U.S. relocated the Japanese population during World War II, says Dr. Kamer Kasim, Dean of Abant Izzet Baysal University. Ottoman rulers, like most of their subjects, were Muslim. They permitted Armenians to maintain some autonomy, but they also subjected them to unequal and unjust treatment; under the Ottoman Empire, Christians had minimal political and legal rights. Still, Armenian communities thrived. They tended to be better educated and wealthier than their (Muslim) Turkish neighbors, who in turn grew to resent their success. This resentment was compounded by distrust, as Muslim Turks believed that the Christian Armenians would be loyal to Christian governments, specifically Russia, rather than to the Ottoman caliphate. The success of Armenian Christians over Muslim Turks, the distrust of religious loyalties, and especially the government scapegoating of Armenians when the military failed, are all causes of the Armenian Genocide. Because the Armenian population was oppressed, Turkish military leaders argued that Armenians thought they could win independence if the Allies were victorious, thus they would be eager to fight for the enemy. The military leads were not wrong, and as the war intensified, Armenians organized volunteer battalions to help the Russian army fight against the Turks in the Caucasus region. Whether accusations lead to Armenians taking up arms, or Armenians taking up arms lead to accusations is still unclear. Either way, these events, and the general Turkish distrust of the Armenian people, led the Turkish government to move for the removal of Armenians from war zones along the Eastern Front†thus the deportations began. As Armenian men were killed and sent to labor and women and children were deported, they left behind their homes, land, and all the wealth theyd acquired. At the same time, the beginning of World War I had begun to take its toll on the Ottoman Empire, and the new Young Turk government was running out of the resources needed to continue waging war. While the government struggled, the Armenian populations in Tiflis and Baku controlled most of the local wealth, therefore it is reasonable to come to the conclusion that part of the reason for the genocide was to take over the wealth left behind by the Armenians who had been deported and murdered. Stealing Armenians wealth solved one of the empires two problems; with the stolen wealth, the Young Turk government could fund its continuing role in World War I. However, besides the financial struggles in the war, the fighting itself was going poorly. The Armenian people caught the blame for this too. As the Turkish people were already distrusting of Armenians, the government simply continued to turn its people against the Armenians, portraying the minority as the reason for the military defeats, claiming that they were being undermined from within. To back up this claim, and to prevent any resistance to the forthcoming attacks, the Turkish government disarmed all Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. To follow up, the Young Turks then took advantage of the contentious war situation, claiming that all Armenians, beginning with those in the highly populated Anatolia region, and later extending to all Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, needed to be relocated due to wartime emergencies. In May, the Ottoman Parliament passed legislation formally authorizing the deportation. The deportation was accompanied by a systematic campaign of mass murder. Survivors who reached the deserts of Syria were left in concentration camps, many starving to dea th, with mass killings continuing into 1916. Conservative estimates have calculated that from 600,000 to more than 1,000,000 Armenians were slaughtered or died on the marches. The events of 1915â€Å"16 were witnessed by a number of foreign journalists, missionaries, diplomats, and military officers who sent reports home about death marches and killing fields. While the deportation and murder of hundreds of thousands of Armenians was a reaction to the toals of World War I and not of a long-held plan to eliminate Armenians as an ethnic cleansing, its roots are grounded in Turkish Muslims resentment of Turkish Armenians   political and economic success, going against traditional Ottoman social hierarchies that held Muslims superior to non-Muslims†and a growing sense by young Turk leaders and Muslims that Armenians were others and a dangerous element to society.   Despite unequal and unjust treatment under the Ottoman Empire where Christians had minimal political and legal rights, Armenian communities thrived, unfairly earning themselves disdain from their Muslim neighbors. While there is not one moment or one notion that set off the Armenian Genocide, this disdain, the success of Armenian Christians over Muslim Turks, the distrust of Armenians (religious) loyalties, and the government scapegoating of Armenians when the military fai led, are all causes of the Armenian Genocide.

What Everybody Dislikes About Poverty Essay Topics and Why

<h1> What Everybody Dislikes About Poverty Essay Topics and Why </h1> <p>There's one potential methods for getting paper on destitution. It isn't having the option to go to class, not realizing how to peruse, not having the option to talk appropriately. This issue has existed a short time, yet a great deal of people couldn't care less. A few people buckle down that become debilitated and a couple of people are jobless at precisely the same second. </p> <p>A number of the nations think that its difficult to escape from neediness without anyone else. To begin with, you must think about the base of destitution. Neediness for most of individuals has become huge. </p> <h2>Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Poverty Essay Topics Is Wrong </h2> <p>Developing countries need some assistance from created countries, particularly, as to training and industrialization. Precisely the same alludes to other innovatively propelled countries . It is among the bigger difficulties in many creating nations all through the planet, including India. Despite the fact that intense issue is being looked by numerous components of the world however India despite everything has the world's greatest number of poor people inside a country. </p> <h2> Poverty Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! </h2> <p>Men and ladies who don't keep the base way of life like utilization and sustenance required for presence. There are loads of on the planet that are kicking the bucket for a touch of bread however there are a lot all the more biting the dust for a little love. An enormous number of people don't discover proper sustenance. There are a ton of approaches to support the poor people. </p> <p>A individual who lives in penury is known as poor. America is acclaimed for our generous contrast in culture and class. Neediness is rising step by step. It might have the meaning of any individual who lives pay che ck to pay check. </p> <h2> Poverty Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About </h2> <p>There are different locales of neediness. There are a few different ways to address the destitution. There are different approaches to gauge neediness. It is brought about by lack of education. </p> <h2>Poverty Essay Topics - the Story </h2> <p>Naturally, the result won't show up in every day, and the issue won't be completely settled. Neediness is completely preventable issue anyway there are bunches of reasons which convey and proceed with it from the past second. This issue has developed into one of the most critical after 2008. Endeavoring to address this gigantic issue of pove Poverty is an overall issue, and it has existed from the beginning of human progress. </p> <h2> Top Poverty Essay Topics Choices</h2> <p>Poverty in the us has transformed into a round wonder and it's been exhibited to influence certain networ ks while it breezes by others. Every year the amount of neediness in the US goes up. In this sort of circumstance it's actually quite difficult to empower the economy of our country. Through instruction and help programs, America will be able to close the hole between the 2 classes. </p> <h2>Poverty Essay Topics Options </h2> <p>Government ought to anticipate that people should gain genuine endeavors to agree to every single one of these standards. The effects of neediness add to sickness along with obliviousness. I love that quote as it shows a genuine circumstance of destitution. Such definition doesn't seem to work for created countries. </p> <h2>Poverty Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained </h2> <p>A part of individuals don't pass on as a result of sickness like AIDS and Malaria however because of the straightforward actuality which they are so poor they can't endure. Destitution is being wiped out and not being able to watch a soci al insurance supplier. It doesn't exist b.. Cooperating for the upside of the child. </p> <p>People in neediness don't have the ability to satisfy their essential needs. It implies nonappearance of the negligible real measures of food required for an individual day by day. Needy individuals can't mastermind a nutritious eating regimen, keep up extraordinary way of life, home, decent garments, great training, and so forth due to the deficiency of cash which has a major effect among rich and poor. Everyone is endeavoring to discover rich by utilizing uncalled for ways. </p> <p>Sometimes neediness happens when rich individuals needs to turn out to be progressively increasingly rich. Yearly, there are gigantic quantities of individuals at the threat of appetite. An enormous number of people dwell in ghetto become unskilled. As a result, offspring of poor people become uneducated. </p> <p>Poverty makes a circumstance where individuals don't obtain adeq uate pay all together that they can't buy fundamental things. A few people are of high income gathering and a couple are of low income gathering. Most of the people haven't any mindfulness about procuring sources. The poor people ought to get instructed about opening an assortment of sorts of little level organizations. </p> <p>For model, a family unit that isn't viewed as poor as far as one of the previously mentioned factors may need various other fundamental districts of prosperity. There are loads of significant perspectives that cause neediness. There are loads of reasons for destitution. Much of the time it can dramatically affect a domain that can take a very long time to improve contingent upon the necessities of the zone. </p> <h2>Poverty Essay Topics - Overview </h2> <p>What's more, you will appear in your paper this undertaking was certifiably not a straightforward research for you. Tributes of well known people in your exposition on ne ediness will be useful in body content. It is one point that is regularly tried a ton in understudies with regards to article composing. The goal of this article is triple. </p>

How to Write Good Topics to Write About For a Cause and Effect Essay

The most effective method to Write Good Topics to Write About For a Cause and Effect EssayIf you need to compose a decent subject to expound on for a circumstances and logical results exposition, it is an insightful plan to concoct point thoughts that apply to your objective theme. Not all points are the equivalent, so consider whether you might want to do a paper on a theme that is anything but a generally thought of one that is identified with your branch of knowledge. Finding the correct point for an article can be a difficult assignment, yet realizing how to pick the correct one can make your paper look good.There are two fundamental sorts of themes to expound on for a circumstances and logical results exposition - themes that apply to the branch of knowledge that you are expounding on, and subjects that identify with the point that you are expounding on. A decent method to begin is to discover what kinds of subjects are utilized in different sorts of expositions. Make a rundown of the considerable number of words that are regularly utilized in scholarly papers, at that point experience this rundown and attempt to envision what your subject would be. Do this activity at any rate twice or threefold to get the hang of it.Good themes to expound on for a circumstances and logical results paper can either be hard or simple. The harder subjects will include both immediate and circuitous impacts. Great points to expound on for a circumstances and logical results paper can incorporate such subjects as in the case of making something happen had a negative or beneficial outcome, circumstances and end results that are brought about by a specific occasion, or themes that depend on science.Any of these points to expound on for a circumstances and logical results exposition can make a decent theme to expound on for a circumstances and logical results article. It is significant that you think of a theme that has both immediate and aberrant impacts, since this will give yo u some establishing when composing your paper. A few instances of points to expound on for a circumstances and logical results exposition incorporate whether one reason can influence the lives of numerous individuals, regardless of whether one occasion could end the life of a specific individual, or the connection among circumstances and logical results. For instance, in the event that one reason can end the life of an individual, it is likely pertinent to your topic.Another great subject to expound on for a circumstances and logical results paper is one that identifies with one of the point regions you have picked. For instance, on the off chance that you composed an investigation of the impacts of a specific medication on ladies, you might need to expound on the impacts that a specific occasion had on the lives of certain ladies, and how it is identified with the topic that you are expounding on. You can likewise expound on the impact that cause has on the lives of certain individ uals, by utilizing a model from your examination to clarify what the reasons for the occasion are. The more broad your theme is, the simpler it will be to depict in an essay.Writing an impact exposition can be somewhat more troublesome than an average paper, since you should show how the impact of the point has influenced another person, and there are a ton of components that you should consider. The greatest test obviously is thinking of a decent theme that has both immediate and circuitous impacts. Discovering points that identify with a particular theme region and are identified with the subject that you are expounding on can help.In short, composing an impact exposition can be a difficult errand, yet on the off chance that you keep a receptive outlook and remain centered, it ought not be excessively troublesome. Also, on the off chance that you need to be increasingly innovative, you can consider thinking of themes to expound on for a circumstances and logical results exposition that are identified with an alternate point region.

Essay Samples of Love of Christ

<h1>Essay Samples of Love of Christ</h1><p>It is hard to track down expositions tests of the adoration for Christ in books and magazines. These sources are regularly held by individuals with a philosophical or religious foundation. Articles on affection for Christ have been fused into strict functions, formalities, quiet times, lecturing, scholarly talks, and faith gatherings. Due to the idea of the topic, it has stayed an untouchable point that numerous individuals are reluctant to talk about in public.</p><p></p><p>Since such a significant number of individuals feel awkward examining the subject, you will undoubtedly run over various papers tests of the affection for Christ. There are various types of papers tests of the affection for Christ accessible in the market today. In any case, some of them will be more qualified for you than others.</p><p></p><p>For this explanation, a great example is the one that you can a djust into your article. You should peruse a few examples and distinguish the most reasonable one for your needs.</p><p></p><p>The second genuine model is verse. There are a lot of instances of verse tests of the adoration for Christ online.</p><p></p><p>There are tests of the affection for Christ in books, magazines, and articles. You will likewise discover tests on the web. The web contains a large number of tests of verse and prose.</p><p></p><p>Writing an exposition test of the affection for Christ can be made simpler in the event that you utilize the web search tools. Utilize the word 'paper' and the expression 'love of Christ' together. For instance, you can look through utilizing the words 'article tests of the adoration for Christ'. This should give you a few decent results.</p><p></p><p>Whatever you decide to do, consistently guarantee that your article tests of the adoration for Christ will suit your paper. Ensure that the wordings are fitting, the substance is clear, and that it gives adequate data to the reader.</p>

Medieval History Essay Topics Secrets

<h1> Medieval History Essay Topics Secrets </h1> <h2> The Number One Question You Must Ask for Medieval History Essay Topics</h2> <p>You may likewise look at 1 religion all the more intently (like Buddhism, Confucianism, or Christianity) and analyze the technique by which the religion varies in numerous components of the planet. The numerous smallish realms of Western Europe began to make political quality and size. Once in a while understudies battle to find the examination region since there are a few European nations with an uncommon culture, political, and budgetary foundation. History additionally allows understudies to get acquainted with the way of life and conventions of various countries, realize why explicit laws are built up, notwithstanding find the foundations of social developments. </p> <p>The results inside an informative paper shouldn't transform into an amazement for those perusers as they should be effortlessly followed thr ough the entire article. You just look nearer to get some great craftsmanship paper thoughts. In the first place, the paper is gone through Copyscape application to ensure that it's not copied. Along these lines, composing a history paper will without a doubt be fun, on the off chance that you just pick an extremely charming history article point. </p> <h2> New Ideas Into Medieval History Essay Topics Never Before Revealed</h2> <p>The information about the genuine characters from their country are accessible, and it might truly add to your paper as for validity and research esteem. In this manner, there are various fascinating world history look into subjects to choose from. At that point you can pick on various perspectives that clarify his ascent. Research papers on ongoing occasions, notwithstanding, especially in the twentieth century, can be trying to compose with the nonattendance of point of view and the varying assessments of specialists concerning th e occasions. </p> <h2> What You Don't Know About Medieval History Essay Topics</h2> <p>Whether your papers are about Canadian history exposition points or another theme, you're despite everything ensured of premium quality. On the off chance that you wish to create a fabulous history exposition you would do well to choose a point that is recognizable to you. Talking over your favored theme with your administrator ought to ideally abstain from picking a poor point. By and by, on the off chance that you need to get an awesome evaluation, you should pick an impeccable history paper point! </p> <p>The determination of subject is terrifically significant with respect to composing an extended paper and unquestionably in the subject of history. Stay reasonable and pick a theme you're ready to examine. Besides, it's desirable over restricted down the subject. While choosing an exposition point, ensure it hasn't yet been investigated vigorously. </p> <p>There's, clearly, a cutoff on the assortment of pages even our absolute best authors can deliver with a squeezing cutoff time, however by and large, we can fulfill all the customers looking for critical help. There's bounty if valuable data with respect to the Web. In the event that you can't make a point completely all alone or inside a participation with your director, scan for intriguing thoughts with regards to libraries or on the web. For two or three further thoughts you might need to look at scholastic papers that were composed by other people, a large number of which will be accessible on the web, either for nothing of for a little measure of cash. </p> <p>History is among the most critical subjects for the IAS Exam. Understudies should do a tad of research to have the option to answer to these exposition points. They have occupied existences and regularly disregard an up and coming cutoff time. </p> <h2> Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Medieval History Essay Topics </h2> <p>An paper of informative nature gives a total chart of the entirety of the attributes of this issue, subsequently helping the crowd acquire a far reaching thought of the subject. The subject has become the most significant thing for an exposition. To experience a subject that has been investigated satisfactorily yet not all that much can be a scary issue to do. What was the purpose behind the Great Depression. </p> <p>Alternately, a quick gander at the subjects recorded beneath may offer you the motivation you should think about your own title. Concentrating past occasions, people build up a superior cognizance of the procedures that occur on the planet so they can develop a splendid future. They for the most part imagine workmanship as a portrayal of a feature this present reality. There's no uncertainty that the usa has one of the most imaginative economies on earth. </p> <h2> The Fundamentals of Medieval History Essay Topics That You Will have the option to Learn From Beginning Today</h2> <p>Perhaps you despite everything need to see progressively about the best approach to make a history paper. Accordingly, you can go over the Great Depression and the way that it inclined the more development of American history in states of financial, social and work factors. Regardless of this, you'll despite everything ought to expound on history. Considering Medieval Indian History needs an intensive perception of the sequence of occasions. </p> <p>It is a smart thought to separate this kind of paper into areas. T here are loads of choices of points dependent regarding the matter you would choose to form a paper. Something else, there are many style guides you may pick from. Besides, it has an unmistakable scale structure all things considered on a phase of four lines, and it's vocal music as it tends to be sung. </p>

New Ideas Into Ap Government Essay Samples Never Before Revealed

<h1>New Ideas Into Ap Government Essay Samples Never Before Revealed </h1> <p>Nobody has ever known as the structure of American government straightforward! Others may attempt to battle and beat the snag before those. </p> <h2> The Essentials of Ap Government Essay Samples You Will have the option to Benefit From Beginning Immediately </h2> <p>The instructional class is intended to gracefully the information and procedures vital for understudies to achieve their own educated decisions. Besides, his fondness for those understudies can't be exaggerated. They have occupied existences and frequently disregard a forthcoming cutoff time. With the end goal for they to arrive at their maximum capacity you can't deny educators the materials nee expositions identified with the ideal school for perfect instruction. </p> <p>Provide setting for those information you give. You will at that point need to move toward this issue by social event, c reating, and assessing sound sources to back up your proof. In this manner, it runs with phenomenal exactness without any vacations. Do that by the utilization of solid proof. </p> <h2> The Do's and Don'ts of Ap Government Essay Samples</h2> <p>Many schools will require a base score of a 4 or possibly a 5 to make credit. At the point when individuals online aren't amenable, they don't worry about their tone in any regard, and it insults individuals. Business bunches don't generally concur together, in any case. Understudies may work in littler gatherings for the endeavor. </p> <p>Each section should be constrained to a solitary purpose of contention. Realizing the inquiry you're noting is the most critical bit of AP composing. With the goal that your answer must be engaged. Simply go straight for the reaction to forestall equivocalness. </p> <p>A brilliant end will sum up all information that has occurred in the review and use it so as to give one last motivation behind why you should join our side. In the occasion the appropriate response is truly, endeavor to structure your contention all together for your focuses work off each other. Each point should be joined by solid proof. Indeed, even in the occasion you don't care to contend with the purposes of various people, it's despite everything genuine that you must be set up to form a pugnacious article at any moment!</p> <p>Appropriate readiness exhibits that you see how to make a factious paper in AP English. There are a great deal of expository terms it very well may be hard to make sense of which ones which you need to comprehend for AP Language and Composition! At the very same time, you may likewise move toward the specialists for different sorts of exposition composing help for your coursework assignments. To exceed expectations in this instructi onal class, you require great logical abilities especially for the powerful article area. </p> <p>With this AP Language and Composition jargon accessible, you will be a first rate logical examiner in the blink of an eye! AP English language expositions are allocated to those seeking after writing from a few foundations. Universities need to understand that you have taken the most testing courses accessible with you, and Advanced Placement courses play a significant capacity inside this bit of the confirmations condition. AP Language and Composition course is an enormous arrangement, and your important objective is to unmistakably demonstrate your ability to deliver not too bad investigation with a perfect structure and punctuation files. </p> <p>Additionally, be careful about generalizations, predisposition and preference about the subject or issue you could remember for the paper. The inquiry wasn't simply an encouragement to compose desultorily on the subject of photography. Pick 1 thing about the U.S. Constitution including its revisions which you think sh ould be changed. Go through proper proof to accompany your contention. </p> <h2>Ap Government Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone </h2> <p>Possessing great paper models gives the peruser an inside and out and on-the-court thought regarding what an all around organized and intelligible article seems like. Rather, you might want to break down the paper and verify that your case is upheld. Try not to diminish the length of your decision inside this exposition as it's a long paper and end additionally should be normal in the term check. </p> <p>The brief jargon will say definitely what to do in your exposition. Likewise be sure your perusers will think about perusing a contentious paper on such subject or issue. Keep perusing this gift to discover more exhortation on approaches to form an AP contentious paper. </p> <p>Every factious paper should be founded on a point which can be discussed. Other than understanding what you are expected to do by the task, you ought to be prepared mentally to create the pugnacious article. To make the brief out of the exposition you should be to some degree cautious about the possibility of the subject so you can more readily consider the article point. Moral factious paper points are a couple of the most straightforward to lose it with. </p> <p>Even however there are only two short sections, there's a lot of space for disarray here. You're not requested a specific number of models as to some degree (b), and in this manner you have to get trained. The subsequent point, that making associations is a sort of reasoning which can be instructed, can't be demonstrated until the absolute first point has been adequately bolstered. Investigate assess each bit of the entire deliberately 3. </p>

Photography As An Art Form Essay - 2231 Words

There has been a long standing argument as to whether photography can be paralleled with traditional art forms such as painting, lithography, and sketching. The frame of reference of this research is the concept of photography as an art form. Through scholarly and practical research, I will compare different ideologies of how photography has been accepted and thought of since its invention, as well as visual examples of work that portray both photographic and artistic qualities. With the main question within this topic being can photography be considered art?, the objectives I seek to clarify are the grounds for which one defines art and for which one defines photography. Using a conceptual and practical framework to approach this research, I will compare various scholarly sources to reinterpret the existing ideologies of photography as an art form. This research partly falls under a practical approach, as it largely relies on my own creative experimentation with various mediums that combine both photography and art. This is crucially important, as it will take abstract concepts of photography as an art form and contextualize them into tangible experimentations for further analysis and interpretation. Within the conceptual analysis, I will use a visual analysis format to compare works from established artists that use photography in their pieces, as well as compare and contrast methods to establish a reinterpreted viewpoint on this subject matter. Within this framework, IShow MoreRelatedThe Creative Medium Art Form Of Photography1704 Words   |  7 Pages* With this in mind, I reside in the picturesque scenic province of Southern Ontario, Canada. 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College Essay on Diabetes - A Challenge

<h1>College Essay on Diabetes - A Challenge</h1><p>A College Essay on Diabetes can be testing. The way that individuals are experiencing the malady doesn't let the author free, as in numerous occurrences the patient has a remark. The stuff to compose an appropriate and fair College Essay on Diabetes for example, lies in exploring what is sickly the patients.</p><p></p><p>Do you are aware of any individual who has endured the departure of a friend or family member or a nearby relative? Does somebody near you have diabetes? At that point a College Essay on Diabetes would be very appropriate.</p><p></p><p>Diabetics are informed that their illness will keep going forever. These are on the whole apprehensions that the body will create. Notwithstanding, as the time advances, the side effects will reduce. At that point it might be the physical misfortune that can be felt.</p><p></p><p>Well, really the side effects can change contingent upon the individual. These incorporate however are not constrained to the loss of vitality, feeling tired effectively, consistent thirst, clogging, cerebral pains, night sweats, expanding in feet and hands, sickness, and torment. There are additionally numerous different indications, yet this rundown is only first of all. Your contemplations on these issues are welcomed.</p><p></p><p>It would be a great idea to study the sort one diabetes that you are pondering composing a College Essay about Diabetes about. While numerous individuals with the ailment are of the more youthful age, saying this doesn't imply that that you won't have the option to discuss the infection in the event that it is more seasoned. In any case, the more data you have the better.</p><p></p><p>One of the incredible things about having the option to originate from a position of information when composing a College Essay on Diabetes is that the composing is accomplished for you don't need to be a clinical master. Since the peruser will realize that you know a ton about this ailment, the work will be much easier.</p><p></p><p>Another extraordinary thing about having the option to take care of this sickness is that you will have the option to compose a College Essay on Diabetes about having the option to carry on with an ordinary life. On the off chance that you can't do this, at that point there is little that you can would like to achieve. What's more, having diabetes may help the author for other reasons.</p><p></p><p>For occurrence, by teaching others about diabetes, one's own wellbeing may improve. This is something that you can accomplish by composing a College Essay on Diabetes.</p>

Sample Literary Analysis Essay PDF

Sample Literary Analysis Essay PDFA sample literary analysis essay PDF is an ideal tool when preparing for a literary examination or even a composition exam. The best thing about this type of essay is that it can be converted into a portable document format for use on your computer screen, not just the printed page.Many students learn to write, but only master their own unique style after years of practice. This means that if you don't feel comfortable writing, then it is important to get some practice writing a sample literary analysis essay PDF. Being familiar with the basics of textual analysis and point of view will help you prepare for exams as well as help you convey a greater understanding of the subject matter in question.This style of essay is often referred to as a literature review essay. In most cases, they are written in response to a college composition or English examination. Many students want to find a way to better themselves on the exam so that they can demonstrate their ability to understand and analyze material.The vast majority of essay samples will have a lot of detail in regards to specific literary theories, concepts, and authors. There are also many examples in which the author is portrayed in a negative light. This can be unsettling to some people, especially if they believe that the author in question has been unfairly maligned by a certain group.They can be used as an adjunct to textual analysis and point of view. The major advantage of using this type of essay is that they can be read on the computer screen without the need to print out a physical copy.It can be helpful to think of a literary analysis essay as a simple visualisation of an information graphic material such as maps, graphs, or charts. There are many other applications that may be used, but the basic idea remains the same.Since there is no way for a writer to truly perfect their writing or ensure that their ideas are valid, it makes sense to use examples. However, eve n if you have had little formal training in writing, you can learn to think like a professional. A literary analysis essay PDF is a very easy way to do this.Students also do well at essay tests if they are able to interactively show the instructor and the other students in class how one writer uses passages to make connections. The writer should also be able to present an argument on why a given idea was rejected by a number of similar writers. An analysis essay PDF allows the writer to interactively persuade readers to adopt the viewpoint of the writer and hopefully improve their own writing skills as well.

Essay Topics For American History

<h1>Essay Topics For American History</h1><p>There are a couple of things to remember when picking paper points for American History. Around there, there are a wide range of alternatives to look over and you should conclude which is the best one for your one of a kind interests and composing style. In spite of the fact that there are many exposition themes for this subject, you can limit your decisions to discover those that you are most intrigued in.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of feelings on this point. A few people feel that there is no theme that can be expounded on for this subject however that there are such a large number of various sentiments for you to truly have the option to be happy with your choice. Truth be told, an individual who composes an article that is all their own is regularly considered by others to be imaginative and original.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes, however, an exposition theme for Amer ican history can be composed to communicate somebody's assessment of the United States. It may not generally be in an official limit however it can even now be an intriguing bit of work. You ought to likewise recall that one of the benefits of composing a paper regarding this matter is that it very well may be an individual encounter and subsequently permits you to investigate portions of your life that you would not have in any case had the chance to do as such. This can be an especially decent exposition theme for somebody who has experienced childhood in the United States or has lived here for some time.</p><p></p><p>Many individuals compose papers on article subjects of this sort for their own utilization. It is an incredible method to begin in the realm of composing. Regardless of whether you have composed nothing that may be viewed as scholarly previously, you can in any case become well known by presenting an exposition on this topic.</p><p> ;</p><p>It is essential to recollect that one reason why these themes are so mainstream is on the grounds that it is something that is frequently thought of as being exceptionally wide. When composing an exposition on American history, comprehend that you can't expound on each part of this point. Thereare a wide range of points of view that have been created through time, and every viewpoint presents an altogether different point of view regarding the matter. It is accordingly imperative to guarantee that you thin down your choice of subjects to just those that are fascinating as well as explicit to the history that you are composing about.</p><p></p><p>Not just will limit your choice of themes permit you to deliver a progressively engaged and efficient paper, it will likewise assist with guaranteeing that you are giving yourself the most obvious opportunity with regards to having the option to communicate your feeling appropriately. For instance, a few understudies may be very partial to examining significant occasions that occurred in history, for example, the American Revolution or the American Civil War. Nonetheless, a considerably more significant article would be one that manages a greater amount of the drawn out impact of these occasions on our general public today.</p><p></p><p>Remember that it is splendidly satisfactory to blend and match points between a portion of the expositions that you submit for production. This is something that many individuals would when they like to take a stab at something new, however it is likewise something that many individuals discover hard to do. You should give yourself some an opportunity to consider the entirety of your various alternatives and afterward slender down the ones that you feel are the most appropriate.</p><p></p><p>American history article subjects can be written from numerous points of view. There are a wide range of s orts of expositions to browse. Remember that it isn't the subject of the exposition that issues but instead what you state and how you state it that will truly be decided by others.</p>

How to Research Political Correctness Essay Topics

How to Research Political Correctness Essay TopicsIt is important for any student to know their political correctness essay topics prior to entering college. Many students do not know how to write an essay on political correctness or anything else for that matter, and this makes it hard for them to compete with other students for the best students in their class.The important thing to remember is that a good essay is one that looks at current events from a historical perspective. This will give you the ability to showcase your interest in history.Before you start researching essay topics for your political correctness essays, you should know how to choose the appropriate topic to research. There are many different essay topics for you to choose from, and the problem is knowing where to start. You will want to look at several different articles online to get ideas for topics.When choosing essay topics for your political correctness essays, keep in mind that you can use some of the mor e popular topics such as gender and racial discrimination. Try to make sure that the topic is something that you find interesting and something that you feel comfortable writing about. When you find a topic that you like, you will want to use that as your topic.Many schools and colleges require that you take this class as a general education requirement for all students. A lot of the courses in this class cover basic research skills, writing skills, vocabulary and grammar.Depending on the school you are taking the class from, the topics may vary but the most common term is diversity. Diversity is used to describe different backgrounds, cultural differences and racial differences in this field.Another thing that you will want to look into is the topics in this class. This will help you decide which subjects you will want to focus on. You will also want to look at the different methods of research to make sure that you have covered each of the steps in the process.The best way to rese arch political correctness essay topics is to read some of the topics online and then research the way the author did. You will want to research the way that the author covered the topic, and you will want to try to find the greatest detail possible for each topic you choose.

Essay Samples For IELTS - How Does It Work?

Essay Samples For IELTS - How Does It Work?By now, you have probably heard of the various essay samples for IELTS, or English as a Second Language. This is one of the greatest development in recent years in terms of the requirements of individuals who are attempting to take and pass their exams.The question of why this should be considered, and the answer of why people ought to give it a chance is quite simple, and can be done through understanding the advantages of this particular form of writing. These would be due to the fact that not only will the person achieve a higher score than they ever thought possible, but they will be able to get into a university if they desire.In the past, as you are well aware, the only way a person could advance their education was by taking all of the required courses and by passing each and every one of them. However, because of the advancement in technology, this is no longer true. Now, you can write your own essays for the exam without having to m ake any sacrifices of time or effort.The essay samples for IELTS are available for all of the major topics. This is the exact situation that some people had to face when they had never passed before, but now, it has become easier to catch up.There are also different types of essay samples for IELTS, one of which is known as 'super' IELTS which will demonstrate how the student can use common language patterns that you will see in various popular television shows and films. For example, if you find that many movies contain a series of metaphors, then this type of essay sample for IELTS would show you how you can utilize this to your advantage.The other type of essay samples for IELTS would be the ones that will show you how to create a successful article, a review, or a book proposal. All of these will prove beneficial to the student as a whole.If you are one of those individuals who have always wanted to write for your exams, this is your chance. You can learn to get an IELTS score a s high as you desire, and the course to do so is not very complicated.

Ethical Issues Regarding Prenatal Testing - 1498 Words

Ethical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing Rebecca Arsenault University of Saint Joseph Ethical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing The advances in medical and scientific research have impacted today’s society by constituting cures and treatments for illnesses and disabilities. A woman can now have her unborn child tested for diseases and disabilities before the child is born. This testing is called prenatal diagnosis and has become increasingly popular. Regretfully, selective abortion is exercised when the results confirm an abnormal fetus. From an ethical standpoint, prenatal diagnosis as a determining factor for abortion is immoral. Researchers have suggested that using selective abortion can create stigmas toward individuals†¦show more content†¦Emily Jackson (2000) states in her article that disease and disabilities, which used to be simple and unfortunate acts of nature, could be increasingly regarded as a matter of voluntary choice. Couples can now decide whether or not to keep a pregnancy with known abnormalities. The research of Martie Bell and Zolinda Stoneman (2000) on the reactions to prenatal testing, show the primary reason for utilizing abortion was the belief the child would negatively affect the quality of life of their family. Couples are making a life or death choice as to whether to be burdened with a child with a disability. The argument that the quality of life of an individual with disabilities is far less, is unjust. Any child has the right to live a full and happy life. Parents that once regarded selective abortion have changed their minds due to information and support. Ilse and Manfred Gotz (2006) discussed in their work the progress of science that may influence a couple to change their minds about selective abortion. Many couples have met adolescents and adults with the same disability as their unborn child’s. This provided evidence that these children live a fulfilling life with their disability, and gives hope to future parents. There are many children with disabilities that understand the significance of prenatal testing and that in ma ny families a choice of life or death is often discussed. One family in particular has a 14 year old daughter with cystic fibrosis

Pest Analysis of Foster Beer free essay sample

Exhibit 3. 1 Strategic capabilities and competitive advantage Exhibit 3. 2 Strategic capability: the terminology Exhibit 3. 3 Sources of cost efficiency Exhibit 3. 4 The experience curve Exhibit 3. 5 Criteria for inimitability of strategic capabilities Analyzing Resources Capabilities OUTLINE †¢ The role of resources and capabilities in strategy formulation. †¢ The resources of the firm †¢ Organizational capabilities †¢ Appraising the profit potential of resources and capabilities †¢ Putting resource and capability analysis to work—a practical guide †¢ Creating new capabilities. Shifting the Focus of Strategy Analysis: From the External to the Internal Environment THE FIRM Goals and Values Resources and Capabilities Structure and Systems THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY STRATEGY †¢Competitors †¢Customers †¢Suppliers The Firm-Strategy Interface The Environment-Strategy Interface Rationale for the Resource-based Approach to Strategy †¢ When the external environment is subject to rapid change, internal resources and capabilities offer a more secure basis for strategy than market focus. †¢ Resources and capabilities are the primary sources of profitability The Evolution of Honda Motor Company Honda Technical Research Institute founded 1st Competes in Isle of Man TT motorcycle races 4-cylinder 750cc motorcycle 1st gasoline-powered car to meet US Low Emission Vehicle Standard Civic Hybrid (dual gasoline/ electric) motorcycle: 98cc, 2-cycle Dream D Portable generator 405cc motor cycle 1955 1960 1965 1970 Power products: ground tillers, marine engines, generators, pumps, chainsaws snowblowers Civic GS (natural gas powered) 1946 1950 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 4 cycle engine The 50cc Supercub N360 mini car Honda Civic 1000cc Goldwing touring motor cycle Acura Car division Home cogeneration system First product: Model A clip-on engine for bicycles Enters Formula 1 Gran Prix racing Enters Indy car racing Honda FCX fuel cell car Canon: Products and Core Technical Capabilities Precision Mechanics 35mm SLR camera Compact fashion camera EOS autofocus camera Digital camera Video still camera Fine Optics Plain-paper copier Color copier Color laser copier Laser copier Basic fax Laser fax Mask aligners Inkjet printer Excimer laser aligners Laser printer Color video printer Stepper aligners Calculator Notebook computer MicroElectronics Links between Products Capabilities: Capability-Based Strategy at 3M Carborundum mining Sandpaper PRODUCTS Videotape Floppy disks Scotchtape Audio tape data storage products Acetate Post-it notes film Housewares/kitchen products Surgical tapes dressings Pharmaceuticals Materials sciences Health sciences Flexible circuitry Road signs markings CAPABILITIES Abrasives Adhesives Microreplication Thin-film technologies New-product development introduction Evolution of Capabilities and Products: 3M Sandpaper Videotape Floppy disks Scotchtape Audio tape data storage products Acetate Post-it notes film Housewares/kitchen products Surgical tapes dressings Pharmaceuticals Materials sciences Health sciences Flexible circuitry Carborundum mining Road signs markings PRODUCTS CAPABILITIES Abrasives Adhesives Microreplication Thin-film technologies New-product development introduction Eastman Kodak’s Dilemma Resources Capabilities 1980? s Chemical Imaging †¢Organic Chemistry †¢Polymer technology †¢Optomechtronics †¢Thin-film coatings Businesses Film Cameras Fine Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Diagnostics Brands Global Distribution 1990? s DIVESTS: Eastman Chemical, Sterling Winthrop, Diagnostics Need to build digital imaging capability Digital Imaging Products (e. g. Photo CD System; Advantix cameras film The Links between Resources, Capabilities and Competitive Advantage COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE INDUSTRY KEY SUCCESS FACTORS STRATEGY ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES RESOURCES TANGIBLE †¢Financial †¢Physical INTANGIBLE †¢Technology †¢Reputation †¢Culture HUMAN †¢Skills/know-how †¢Capacity for communication collaboration †¢Motivation Appraising Resources RESOURCE Financial CHARACTERISTICS Borrowing capacity Internal funds generation Plant and equipment: size, location, technology flexibility. Land and buildings. Raw materials. Patents, copyrights, know how RD facilities. Technical and scientific employees Brands. Customer loyalty. Company reputation (with suppliers, customers, government) Training, experience, adaptability, commitment and loyalty of employees INDICATORS Debt/ Equity ratio Credit rating Net cash flow Market value of fixed assets. Scale of plants Alternative uses for fixed assets No. of patents owned Royalty income RD expenditure RD staff Brand equity Customer retention Supplier loyalty Employee qualifications, pay rates, turnover. Tangible Resources Physical Technology Intangible Resources Reputation Human Resources Firms with the Highest Ratios of Market Value to Book Value (December 2005) Company Valuation Country ratio 72. 0 20. 8 13. 4 12. 6 11. 2 10. 8 10. 7 10. 0 8. 8 8. 4 8. 3 8. 2 8. 1 8. 0 Japan US UK US US Germany US US Japan US US US Neth/UK US Company Valuation Country ratio 7. 8 7. 4 7. 3 6. 7 6. 3 5. 9 5. 7 5. 7 5. 6 5. 5 5. 5 5. 3 5. 2 5. 1 US UK US Finland France UK US US US US Switz. France US Switz. Yahoo! Japan Colgate-Palmolive Glaxo Smith Kline Anheuser-Busch eBay SAP Yahoo! Dell Computer Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Procter Gamble Qualcomm Schlumberger Unilever PepsiCo Coca-Cola Diageo 3M Nokia Sanofi-Aventis AstraZeneca Johnson Johnson Boeing Eli Lily Cisco Systems Roche Holding L’Oreal Altria Novartis The World’s Most Valuable Brands, 2006 Rank Company Brand value ($bn. ) Rank Company Brand value ($bn. ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Coca-Cola Microsoft IBM GE Intel Nokia Disney McDonald’s Toyota Marlboro 67. 5 59. 9 53. 4 47. 0 35. 6 26. 5 26. 4 26. 0 24. 8 21. 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mercedes Benz 20. 0 Citi 20. 0 Hewlett-Packard 18. 9 American Express 18. 6 Gillette 17. 5 BMW 17. 1 Cisco 16. 6 Louis Vuitton 16. 1 Honda 15. 8 Samsung 15. 0 Source: Interbrand Identifying Organizational Capabilities: A Functional Classification FUNCTION Corporate Management CAPABILITY Financial management Strategic control Coordinating business units Managing acquisitions Speed and responsiveness through rapid information transfer Research capability Development of innovative new products Efficient volume manufacturing Continuous Improvement Flexibility Design Capability Brand Management Quality reputation Responsiveness to market trends EXEMPLARS ExxonMobil, GE IBM, Samsung BP, PG Citigroup, Cisco Wal-Mart, Dell Capital One Merck, IBM Apple, 3M Briggs Stratton Nucor, Harley-D Zara, Four Seasons Apple, Nokia PG, LVMH Johnson Johnson MTV, L’Oreal MIS RD Manufacturing Design Marketing Sales, Distribution Service Sales Responsiveness Efficiency and speed of distribution Customer Service PepsiCo, Pfizer LL Bean, Dell Singapore Airlines Caterpillar The Value Chain: The McKinsey Business System TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT DESIGN MANUFACTURING MARKETING DISTRIBUTION SERVICE The Porter Value Chain FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROCUREMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITIES INBOUND LOGISTICS OPERATIONS OUTBOUND LOGISTICS MARKETING SALES SERVICE PRIMARY ACTIVITIES The Architecture of Organizational Capability ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY SKILLS KNOWLEDGE VALUES NORMS TECHNICAL MANAGERIAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS Organization Structure Management Systems RESOURCES †¢Human skills know-how †¢Technology †¢Culture (values, norms) Dorothy Leonard â€Å"Core Capabilities Core Rigidities† A modified view A Hierarchy of Capabilities: A Telecom Manufacturer CROSS FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES New product development capability Customer support capability Quality management capability BROAD FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES operations capability R D and design capability MIS capability Marketing and sales capability Human resource mgt. capability ACTIVITY RELATED CAPABILITIES (Operations related only) SPECIALIZED CAPABILITIES (Manufacturing related only) SINGLE-TASK CAPABILITIES (Only those related to PCB assembly) Manufacturing capability Materials management capability Process engineering capability Product engineering capability Test engineering capability Printed circuit-board assembly Telset assembly System assembly Automated through-hole component insertion Manual insertion of components Surface mounting of components Wave soldering INDIVIDUALS? SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE The Rent-Earning Potential of Resources and Capabilities THE EXTENT OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ESTABLISHED Scarcity Relevance Durability SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Transferability THE PROFIT EARNING POTENTIAL OF A RESOURCE OR CAPABILITY Replicability Property rights APPROPRIABILITY Relative bargaining power Embeddedness Two approaches to identifying an organization? s resources and capabilities Starting from the inside Starting from the outside Key Success Factors †¢How do customers choose? †¢What do we need to survive competition? What resources capabilities do we need to deliver these KSFs? Assessing a Companies Resources and Capabilities: The Case of VW RESOURCES Importance VW’s Relative Strength 4 5 8 CAPABILITIES Importance VW’s Relative Strength R1. Finance R2. Technology R3. Plant and equipment 6 7 8 C1. Product development C2. Purchasing C3. Engineering C4. Manufacturing 9 7 7 8 6 6 9 4 5 9 7 3 4 4 R4. Location R5. Distribution 7 8 4 5 C5. Financial management C6. RD C7. Marketing sales C8. Government relations 4 8 Appraising VW’s Resources and Capabilities (Hypothetical only) 10 Superfluous Strengths Key Strengths C3 Relative Strength C8 C2 R2 R1 C6 R4 C5 Zone of Irrelevance 1 5 R3 C4 R5 C1 C7 5 1 Key Weaknesses 10 Strategic Importance Appraising the Capabilities of a Business School (illustrative only) Superfluous strengths Key strengths 6 9 3 Parity Inconsequential weaknesses 8 12 11 Deficient Not important 10 7 5 2 C1 Alumni relations C2 Student placement C3 Teaching C4. Administration C5 Course develpment C6 Student recruitment C7 Research C8 Corporate relations C9 Marketing C10 IT C11 PR C12 HRM Superior Relative Strength 4 1 Key weaknesses Critically important Importance Amoco’s Appraisal of Organizational Capabilities (illustrative only) 1. Effective deal making 2. Rapid new product Key strengths development 3. Relentless cost forms 4. Product quality 5. JV management 4 6. Superior EHS management 7. Managing culturally diverse workforce 2 8. Fast decision 3 making 9. Customer 1 segmentation 10. Capture synergies across divisions 8 Key weaknesses 11. Effective procurement Needed Superior Superfluous strengths 6 9 Parity 5 Inconsequential weaknesses 11 Deficient Not important 10 7 Needed to play 1 to win Importance Distinctive Capabilities as a Consequence of Childhood Experiences Company Capability Past History Exxon Financial management Exxon? s predecessor, Standard Oil (NJ) was the holding co. for Rockefeller? s Standard Oil Trust RD/ Shell Coordinating decentralized global empire Elephant hunting† Deal making in politicized environments Lubricants Shell a j-v formed from Shell TT founded to sell Russian oil in China, and Royal Dutch founded to exploit Indonesian reserves Discovered huge Persian reserves, went on to find Forties Field and Prudhoe Bay The Enrico Mattei legacy; the challenge of managing gover nment relations in post-war Italy Vacuum Oil Co. founded in 1866 to supply patented petroleum lubricants 2 BP ENI Mobil Approaches to Capability Development 1) Acquire and develop the underlying resources. Especially human resources Externally (hiring) Internally through developing individual skills 2) Acquire/access capabilities externally through acquisition or alliance ) Greenfield development of capabilties in separate organizational unit (IBM the PC, Xerox PARC, GM Saturn) 4) Build team-based capabilities through training and team development (i. e. develop organizational routines) 5) Align structure systems with required capabilities 6) Change management to transform values and behaviors (GE, BP) 7) Product sequencing (Intel , Sony, Hyundai) 8) Knowledge Management (systematic approaches to acquiring, storing, replicating, and accessing knowledge) Product Sequencing to Build Capabilities: Hyundai Capabilities †¢Auto styling design †¢Casting forging †¢Chassi s design †¢Tooling †¢Body production †¢Export mktg. †¢Assembly †¢Production engineering †¢Local marketing SKD CKD Ford Cortina †¢FWD engineering †¢CAD/CAM †¢Assembly control systems †¢Advanced component handling Hydrodynamics †¢Thermodynamics †¢Fuel engineering †¢Emission control †¢Lubrication †¢Kinetics vibration †¢Ceramics †¢Electronic control systems †¢Large-scale design integration †¢Global logistics †¢Lifecycle engineering „Alpha? engine Accent Avante Sonanta Pony Excel Products 1968 1970 1974 1985 1994-95 What Determines Organizational Capability in Football? Matt Busby Alf Ramsey Manchester U. Ipswich Liverpool Glasgow Celtic Derby/Notts F. 1945-70 1955-64 1959-74 1965-78 1972-84 1974-83 1980-86 19861985-95 19962000-04 2004- Who are the outstandingly successful team managers (coaches) in British football? Bill Shankley Jock Stein Brian Clough Bob Paisley Alex Ferguson Liv erpool Aberdeen Manchester U. Arsene Wenger Monaco Arsenal Jose Mourinho Porto Chelsea Building Team Capabilities in Soccer: Alex Ferguson at Manchester United †¢Find/develop young players Scouting staff doubled— â€Å"find the best. † Building youth team—1992 youth team included Ryan Giggs, David Beckham, Paul Scholes, Nicky Butt, Gary Neville †¢State-of-the-art training complex †¢Rigorous training schedule (+war on booze) †¢Training †¢Developing coordination †¢Training for team skills †¢Building team spirit—â€Å"team functions with single spirit constant flow of mutual support†; â€Å"Talent without unity of purpose is hopeless† Build a core of group internally Supplement with key purchases †¢Blending personalities as well as skills †¢Player rotation for experimentation flexible coordination †¢Structuring the team †¢Cross-functional integration Building the wider team—coaches, scouts, physiotherapists, psychologists, even cleaners Summary: A Framework for Analyzing Resources and Capabilities 4. Develop strategy implications: (a) In relation to strengthsHow can these be exploited more effectively and fully? (b) In relation to weaknesses Identify opportunities to outsourcing activities that can be better performed by other organizations. How can weaknesses be corrected through acquiring and developing resources and capabilities? 3. Appraise the firm’s resources and capabilities in terms of: (a) strategic importance (b) relative strength 2. Explore the linkages between resources and capabilities STRATEGY POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CAPABILITIES 1. Identify the firm’s resources and capabilities RESOURCES Knowledge Management and the Knowledge-based View of the Firm OUTLINE 1) Why the surge of interest in knowledge management (KM)? kn. as the key resource of the firm giving us a better understanding of management 2) What is KM? 3) What progress have we made, what are the key gaps, which areas are likely to add most value? 4) Developing strategy: Exploiting strengths, protecting and eliminating weaknesses 5) Building the capability base: Can it be done? How? 6) What can be learn from Knowledge Management? 7) Implications for organizational structure. Knowledge Processes within the Organization Knowledge Creation †¢ Research †¢ Training †¢ Recruitment †¢ Intellectual property licensing †¢ Benchmarking †¢ New product development †¢ Operations †¢ Strategic planning †¢ Communities of practice †¢ Best practices transfer †¢ On-the-job training †¢ Databases †¢ Standard operating practices †¢ Intellectual capital accounting †¢ Competency modeling †¢ Project reviews †¢ Competency modeling Knowledge Generation (â€Å"Exploration†) Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge Integration Knowledge Sharing Knowledge Application (â€Å"Exploitation†) Knowledge Replication Knowledge Storage Organization Knowledge Measurement Knowledge Identification Nonaka? Knowledge Conversion Matrix Tacit Knowledge SOCIALIZATION Sharing of tacit knowledge among individuals and from the organization to the individual TO Explicit Knowledge EXTERNALIZATION The articulation an d systematization of tacit into explicit knowledge. Use of metaphor to communicate tacit concepts Tacit Knowledge FROM Explicit Knowledge INTERNALIZATION Instructions and principles are converted into intuition and routines COMBINATION A key role of information systems is to combine different units of information and other forms of explicit knowledge What is Knowledge Management? Data mining On-thejob Training Courses Seminars Benchmarking Intellectual Capital Accounting IT Communications New Product Development Intellectual Property Protection Best Practice Transfer CRM Strategic Alliances ERP Lessons learned Customer Market Analysis Scenario TQM Analysis Research Definition: â€Å"The systematic leveraging of information and expertise to improve organizational innovation, responsiveness, productivity and competency. † (Lotus division of IBM) Types Levels of Knowledge (and Knowledge Conversion) Levels of knowledge Individual Organization Databases Systems procedures Intellectual property Explicit Types of Knowledge Tacit Information Facts Scientific kn. Skills Know-how Organizational routines Replication through Knowledge Systematization Levels of knowledge Individual Organization Databases Systems procedures Intellectual property ‘INDUSTRIAL’ ENTERPRISES Explicit Types of Knowledge EXAMPLES †¢ Ford †¢ McDonalds †¢ Starbucks †¢Accenture Information Facts Scientific kn. CRAFT ENTERPRISES Tacit Skills Organizational capabilities Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms D I S S E M I N A T I O N B R E A D T H M a n y Rules, procedures directives Modular integration Manuals reports Communities Communities -of-interest -of-practice Internal consultants Group -ware Training seminars courses Informal visits Telephone Low (know-how contextual kn.. ) Shared data bases E-mail Video conferencing Data exchange F e w Personnel transfer Meetings On-the job training Fax ABILITY TO CODIFY High (explicit kn.. information Designing a Knowledge Management System †¢ What kn. processes which are critical to creating value competitive advantage? Dow: creating and exploiting patents McKinsey Co. : sharing kn. retaining experienced consultants Accenture: systematization. ) †¢ What are the characteristics of the relevant kn.? †¢ What mechanisms are needed for the generation and application of the relevant kn.? †¢ What organizational conditions need to be in place in order for knowledge management mechanisms to work? Organizational structures Incentives to contributors and users Behavioral norms and values Exhibit 3. 6 The value chain within an organisation Source: Adapted with the permission of The Free Press, a Division of Simon Schuster Adult Publishing Group, from Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superio r Performance by Michael E. Porter. Copyright  © 1985, 1998 by Michael E. Porter. All rights reserved Exhibit 3. 7 The value network Source: Adapted with the permission of The Free Press, a Division of Simon Schuster Adult Publishing Group, from Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance by Michael E. Porter. Copyright  © 1985, 1998 by Michael E. Porter. All rights reserved